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1 Kings 6

In the four hundred and eightieth year after the exodus Solomon builds the temple: sixty cubits long, twenty wide and thirty high, with a porch, side chambers, cedar panelling carved with cherubs and flowers, an inner sanctuary overlaid with gold and two great olive-wood cherubim. It takes seven years.

Summary written for the Labs; read the chapter itself for the full text.

What happens in this chapter

The chapter opens with a date: the 480th year after the exodus, Solomon's fourth year, the month Ziv. The house is sixty cubits long, twenty wide and thirty high, with a porch across the front and three storeys of side rooms against its walls, and the stone is dressed at the quarry so that no hammer or iron tool is heard on site. Midway, the word of the LORD comes to Solomon: if he walks in God's statutes, God will live among Israel and not forsake them. Inside, the walls are lined with carved cedar and the floor with cypress, and the inner sanctuary, a cube of twenty cubits, is overlaid with gold and given two olive-wood cherubim ten cubits high and doors of olive wood. Begun in Ziv of the fourth year and finished in Bul of the eleventh, the house took seven years.

What the lab shows, and where to look

Solomon's Temple lab builds the house to this chapter's cubits and lets you switch to the longer royal cubit. Start outside with Solomon's Temple, then go round to The side chambers: three storeys whose rooms widen from five to seven cubits as the wall steps back, as verse 6 describes. Inside, The holy place runs forty cubits, its cedar carved and overlaid with gold, and through the olive-wood doors lies The most holy place, the twenty-cubit cube. The number and spacing of the windows are artistic, and the lab says so. Temples Side by Side stacks this house on the same spot as the Tabernacle and the later temples, which shows the Tabernacle's plan doubled; the verse page for 1 Kings 6:1 goes into the 480 years.

Questions people ask

How long did it take to build Solomon's Temple?

Seven years. The foundation was laid in the month Ziv, the second month, of Solomon's fourth year, and the house was finished in Bul, the eighth month, of his eleventh (1 Kings 6:37–38). Counted exactly that is about seven and a half years; the text rounds it to seven. His own palace then took thirteen (7:1).

Textually stated

How big was Solomon's Temple?

The house itself was sixty cubits long, twenty wide and thirty high (6:2): with a cubit of about 45 cm, roughly 27 × 9 × 13.5 m, a long narrow hall rather than a vast building. It was split into a holy place forty cubits long and a most holy place twenty cubits each way, exactly double the Tabernacle's inside measurements in length and width. The courts, side rooms and porch made the whole much larger.

Textually stated

What do the 480 years tell us about the date of the exodus?

Counting 480 years back from Solomon's fourth year, about 966 BC, gives an exodus about 1446 BC, the early date. Those who hold a later date, under Ramesses II about 1270–1250 BC, often read the 480 as twelve generations of forty years. The Greek text reads 440, and Josephus gives 592 in one place (Antiquities 8.61) and 612 in another (20.230); both translations here keep the Hebrew 480.

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How sure can we be?

  • Textually stated

    Work began in the month Ziv of Solomon's fourth year, 480 years after the exodus, and took seven years.

    Stated in 1 Kings 6:1 and 6:37–38. How the 480 years map onto calendar dates is debated.

  • Textually stated

    The inner sanctuary was 20 cubits long, 20 wide and 20 high.

    Stated in 1 Kings 6:20; Chronicles repeats the length and width.

  • Textually stated

    The stone was prepared at the quarry, and no iron tool was heard at the house.

    Stated in 1 Kings 6:7.

  • Textually stated

    The house was 60 cubits long, 20 cubits wide and 30 cubits high.

    Stated in 1 Kings 6:2; Chronicles gives the same length and width.

  • Textually stated

    The holy place was 40 cubits long, with the width and height of the house (20 × 30).

    1 Kings 6:17 gives the 40 cubits; the width and height are those of the house in 6:2.

  • Textually stated

    The house: 60 × 20 × 30 cubits. “The length thereof was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits.” Inside measurements.

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