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Bible chapter guide

1 Kings 7

Solomon builds his own palace and the House of the Forest of Lebanon over thirteen years. Hiram the bronze-worker casts the pillars Jachin and Boaz, the great Sea on twelve oxen, ten stands with basins, and the vessels of the temple.

Summary written for the Labs; read the chapter itself for the full text.

What happens in this chapter

The chapter starts with Solomon's own buildings, thirteen years in the making: the House of the Forest of Lebanon, a hundred cubits long on rows of cedar pillars, the Hall of Pillars, the Hall of the Throne where he judged, his own house and a house for Pharaoh's daughter. Then Solomon brings Hiram from Tyre, the son of a widow of Naphtali and a skilled bronze-worker, who casts two pillars eighteen cubits high, crowns them with capitals of network and pomegranates and names them Jachin and Boaz. He casts the Sea, ten cubits across on twelve oxen, ten wheeled stands with their basins, and the pots, shovels and bowls, all in the clay ground of the Jordan plain. Last come the gold furnishings for inside the house, and David's dedicated silver and gold brought into the treasuries.

What the lab shows, and where to look

For the bronze work, go to the porch of Solomon's Temple lab: Jachin on the south side and Boaz on the north, drawn free-standing before the porch rather than holding up its roof, a reading the lab marks plausible. The capitals are five cubits high, as the text says, but their shape is a guess. In the court, The bronze Sea is shown two ways, straight-sided and bowl-shaped, because the text allows both, and The ten bronze stands and basins are modelled on the smaller wheeled stands found in Cyprus. Solomon's palace complex sits south of the temple court in low detail; the House of the Forest of Lebanon's 100 × 50 × 30 cubits are from the text, while where the buildings stood is a guess.

Questions people ask

How tall were Jachin and Boaz?

Kings gives eighteen cubits for each pillar (1 Kings 7:15), as do 2 Kings 25:17 and Jeremiah 52:21, with a capital of five cubits on top: twenty-three cubits, about 10 m with a common cubit. Chronicles gives thirty-five (2 Chronicles 3:15). Keil and Delitzsch explain it as two Hebrew letter-numerals confused; Benson reads thirty-five as the two pillars together. The lab follows the eighteen.

Strongly supported

What do the names Jachin and Boaz mean?

Jachin means 'he establishes' or 'he will establish', and Boaz probably 'in him is strength'. The text gives the names without explaining why the pillars were named at all; many read the pair as a statement about God and the house of David he had promised to establish.

Strongly supported

Does the bronze Sea mean the Bible got pi wrong?

The Sea was ten cubits from brim to brim and a line of thirty cubits went round it (7:23), which gives a ratio of three. Thirty may simply be a round figure; or the ten was measured across the outside of the flared, lily-shaped brim and the thirty round the body below it, which with a handbreadth of thickness comes close to pi. The lab marks this as plausible, not proved.

Plausible

See it in the Labs

How sure can we be?

  • Textually stated

    The Sea stood on the right side of the house, toward the south-east.

    Stated in 1 Kings 7:39 and 2 Chronicles 4:10.

  • Textually stated

    Jachin stood on the right, the south side of the entrance.

    1 Kings 7:21 names the right-hand pillar Jachin; facing out of an east-facing house, the right is the south.

  • Textually stated

    Boaz stood on the left, the north side of the entrance.

    Stated in 1 Kings 7:21 and 2 Chronicles 3:17.

  • Textually stated

    There were ten golden lampstands, five on the right and five on the left before the inner sanctuary.

    Stated in 1 Kings 7:49 and 2 Chronicles 4:7.

  • Textually stated

    Chronicles gives ten tables; Kings speaks of the table of gold.

    2 Chronicles 4:8, 19 against 1 Kings 7:48; 2 Chronicles 29:18 also speaks of one table. One table may have held the bread while the others served it, or 'table' in Kings may be collective.

  • Textually stated

    There was an altar of cedar overlaid with gold before the inner sanctuary.

    Stated in 1 Kings 6:20–22 and 7:48.

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