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Bible chapter guide
1 Samuel 28
Facing the Philistine army with no answer from God, Saul disguises himself and consults a medium at Endor, though he had banned them. Samuel appears and tells him that he and his sons will die the next day and Israel will be defeated.
Summary written for the Labs; read the chapter itself for the full text.
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Places
Also in this chapter
How sure can we be?
- Plausible
Village houses had a lower end where animals spent the night, with mangers along the raised family floor. This is well documented in traditional Palestinian houses and fits the biblical hints of animals kept in the house.
- Plausible
What were the Urim and the Thummim? Two lots, drawn or cast to give a yes or a no. The Greek of 1 Samuel 14:41 has a longer text in which Saul asks: if the guilt is in me or Jonathan, “give Urim”; if in the people, “give Thummim”.
Most modern scholars, from the Greek text of 1 Samuel 14
- Plausible
What were the Urim and the Thummim? The stones of the breastpiece themselves, which shone, or whose letters lit up, to give the answer.
Josephus (the stones shone before a victory) and the Babylonian Talmud (Yoma 73b)
- Plausible
What were the Urim and the Thummim? Objects kept inside the doubled breastpiece whose form and use are simply not known; the text only says they were put “in” it and were on Aaron's heart.
Many commentators, who leave the question open
- Speculative
Nothing is known of their form. The model draws no object: only a dashed outline of the doubled breastpiece they were put in.